Hungarian SMEs' role and opinion about research, development and innovation projects

Innovation is one of the solutions and an important factor in our fast-paced and rapidly changing world. Only new solutions and innovative ideas can respond to the rapidly changing environment and its challenges. Dynamic change requires all economic actors to be flexible and open to innovation and novel solutions. The recent events of the coronavirus crisis, the previous economic growth constraints, have been solved through innovation. We look to ongoing research for solutions to the world's challenges. In many cases, these answers come from the areas and businesses most in need. In this paper, we want to assess the perception of RDI projects and the potential of different enterprises from a project, programme and portfolio management perspective. © 2022 IEEE.

The Impact of the Pandemic on the Crisis Management Practices of Hungarian SMEs

In the aftermath of the coronavirus epidemic, there is hardly an economic operator that has not suffered a very severe economic crisis. In this period, the question of how to manage a crisis effectively and appropriately has become a focus of attention. Although the nature of global economic crises was already a major lesson after 2008, some actors were still not adequately prepared to weather another crisis. Today we are in a particularly difficult situation. Not only the COVID-19 epidemic, but also the Russian-Ukrainian conflict are complicating economic conditions. In this study, we sought to answer the question of how small businesses have tried to respond to the economic challenges they face. Our survey asked businesses in the SME sector about, among other things, how they had dealt with the crisis. This paper presents the results. © 2022 IEEE.

Assessing the agile approach to critical infrastructure in the light of primary research

Critical infrastructures have received increasing attention in recent years. One of the main reasons for this over the past two years or so has been the pandemic of the coronavirus and its aftermath, which has required stability but also rapid response and effective management of change to ensure smooth operations. The agile approach, which has its origins in software development, offers precisely these benefits when applied. © 2022 IEEE.

Consumer segments according to their perception of the value of money after the coronavirus pandemic from the financial literacy aspect

Values are one of the most important consumer characters in determining the outcome of consumer decisions. It is no coincidence that a number of value system research methods have been adapted by Consumer Behaviour in order to gain a more nuanced understanding of the intrinsic context of consumer decision-making. The issue of money and the use of money has been particularly heightened during the pandemic. A values-based approach to consumer behaviour argues that a consumer's basic human values determine his or her attitude towards a product or service. In our research, we have sought to answer the question of which consumer segments can be characterised by individual value orientation and its imprint on money management. The changes caused by the pandemic and the transformation of consumer preference systems make it particularly justified to analyse the nuances of consumer decisions and, within them, the perception of money. In the framework of their primary research, we carried out quantitative data collection through a standardised online questionnaire survey. As a result of the research, distinct consumer segments were characterised, which may provide a good basis for service providers wishing to reposition their products and services after the pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.

Teleworking and the home office - The digital possibilities in work organization

Over the past two years, the coronavirus pandemic has brought major changes to our lives, including in the way we work. Organizations had to react quickly and swiftly to protect their employees - and their business continuity. One of the most common manifestations of this has been the increased use of home offices and teleworking, which would have been unthinkable without the achievements of digitalization in the past decades. © 2022 IEEE.

Preference system for the choice of savings in a generation-specific approach of the financial culture before and after the coronavirus pandemic

Savings play an important role in the financing of the economy, as they are the source of credit in the classical four-sector model. Although modern financial innovations have opened up a wide space and brought new forms of credit financing, the physical savings of economic agents are still the key determinant of the system. Changes in living standards, inflation and interest rates have a significant impact on the level and motivation of savings. Nevertheless, household savings still play an important role in the financing structure of the macroeconomy. Crises have a significant impact on the ability and willingness of the population to save, as was the case during the downturn caused by the coronavirus epidemic. The aim of this paper is to examine the circumstances of savings formation before and in the aftermath of the epidemic in order to build a picture of the main influencing factors and their importance. © 2022 IEEE.

Assessing investment funds on the basis of their net asset value

After the economic and financial crisis of 2007-2008, the global Covid-19 pandemic struck in March 2020, changing our view of crisis management. The pandemic has led to a significant drop in output, changes in working and educational conditions, and the prediction and management of the speed of transmission of infection. As no one had an effective way to prevent infection, countries were constantly sharing experience and research, and the focus shifted from initial symptomatic treatment to long-term solutions. In the summer of 2020, there was a small optimism around the world, with a decline in infection and death rates, followed by a further decline as restrictions tightened. With the advent of vaccination, there appeared to be a lasting and permanent solution to contain and stop the Covid-19 outbreak, with global vaccination campaigns being launched until the summer of 2021, when the situation returned to some normality, foreign tourism rebounded, and the economy sought to recover. During the pandemic, households initially cut back on consumption, partly because they had to abandon their traditional spending habits and partly because they were more cautious and tended to save. The increased exposure to risk may also have affected the evolution and composition of household wealth. In this paper, we present the evolution of household wealth in the EU-27 and the evolution of the wealth structure in Hungary, with a special focus on the evolution of investment funds. © 2022 IEEE.

METHODS FOR DEVELOPING FINANCIAL LITERACY

In the recent years, the world has experienced a great number of difficulties beyond the usual events, and it has become almost part of our lives to be constantly alert to the problems and difficulties caused by Covid-19. In higher and public education, both in Hungary and in other countries of Europe, we have witnessed dramatic changes since 2020, which has fundamentally changed our knowledge and opinions on educational methodology. Prior to the pandemic, it was common practice in primary and secondary public education to teach according to methodological recommendations for face-to-face teaching. In higher education, in addition to face-to-face (offline) teaching, the use of online resources for a semester or a course was already being considered, particularly in the field of continuing education and vocational training. Higher education institutions have continuously been experimenting with solutions to extend face-to-face teaching, but these methods and forms of teaching have not become commonplace. However, from 2020, both instructors and students had to adapt all of a sudden if they wanted to avoid any backlog or disruption in this area. Even before the pandemic, we were concerned about the methodological innovations we would have to make in this specific area of education. We were also previously interested in looking at the needs of today's students who want to study finance. In our research, we therefore focus on the difficulties that online education caused for those who completed the questionnaire during the pandemic or after the outbreak of the pandemic, and on the framework within which they could envisage renewing their financial education in the long term. The research carried out by Jakovác and his co-authors has shown that the financial literacy of the Hungarian population is improving, but that its practical use and effectiveness is below the international average. © 2022,Online Journal Modelling the New Europe. All Rights Reserved.

What has Become Important during the Pandemic? - Reassessing Preferences and Purchasing Habits as an Aftermath of the Coronavirus Epidemic through the Eyes of Different Generations

The pandemic, consumer preferences and the composition of the consumer basket changed. Each generation sees differently the impact of the virus on different areas of our lives, which is largely related to the general set of values that characterizes each generation. The focus of our research is the relationship between the generation-specific value system and the changes in consumer behaviour caused by the virus. In the primary data analysis, we focused on the examination of the consumer habits that were modified by the pandemic, the composition of the consumer basket, the customer habits, which differ for each generation and are related to the individual value system. In the light of the results, we were able to determine how the composition of the consumer basket changed, analysing, generation-specifically, which product and service purchase came to the forefront as a result of the crisis.